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保障新能源發電送得出用得好

來源:國家能源局

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發布時間:2023-03-03

       全(quan)國(guo)最大平(ping)(ping)價海上風電(dian)(dian)場建(jian)成投運,西藏最大光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)供項目全(quan)容量(liang)并網,第一(yi)批(pi)大型風電(dian)(dian)光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)基地項目全(quan)部開工……國(guo)家能(neng)源局(ju)近期發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據顯(xian)示,2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)風電(dian)(dian)光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)占全(quan)國(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)78%,新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)風電(dian)(dian)光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)占全(quan)國(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)55%以上,風電(dian)(dian)光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)已(yi)成為我(wo)國(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)和新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體。與此同時,新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)水平(ping)(ping)也在穩步提升。據統(tong)計(ji),風電(dian)(dian)利用(yong)(yong)率由(you)2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)82.4%,提高至2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)96.8%;光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)利用(yong)(yong)率由(you)2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)90%,提高至2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)98.3%。這充分(fen)體現(xian)了(le)我(wo)國(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)速度快、利用(yong)(yong)水平(ping)(ping)高、產業競爭力強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)良(liang)好發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)態勢(shi)。

       新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)數(shu)量和利(li)用(yong)水(shui)平雙(shuang)提升,離不開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)“源、網(wang)(wang)、荷、儲(chu)”各環節的共同發(fa)(fa)力(li)(li)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源側,各地統(tong)籌推(tui)進新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源開發(fa)(fa)建(jian)設和配(pei)套調節能(neng)力(li)(li)建(jian)設,加(jia)大(da)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組靈活性(xing)改造力(li)(li)度;分布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏占比逐步(bu)提高(gao),新(xin)(xin)增裝機(ji)布(bu)局向東(dong)中部(bu)地區轉移,助力(li)(li)光(guang)伏就(jiu)近消(xiao)納(na)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)側,統(tong)籌推(tui)進新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)送(song)(song)出工程建(jian)設,加(jia)大(da)優化(hua)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源跨省(sheng)跨區輸送(song)(song)運行方式(shi),加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的改造和升級。在(zai)負荷側,充分挖掘需求側響應能(neng)力(li)(li),利(li)用(yong)市(shi)場化(hua)方式(shi)引導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)戶主動錯峰(feng)避峰(feng),發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)虛擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠作用(yong)。在(zai)儲(chu)能(neng)側,加(jia)大(da)抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)建(jian)設力(li)(li)度,推(tui)動新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)快(kuai)(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)展等(deng)。供(gong)給和消(xiao)納(na)雙(shuang)管(guan)齊下、整體謀劃,持續增強(qiang)了新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源供(gong)給能(neng)力(li)(li),為新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)建(jian)設提供(gong)了有力(li)(li)支(zhi)撐。

       也要看到,風電(dian)和(he)光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)“靠天(tian)吃飯”,具有隨機性(xing)和(he)波動(dong)性(xing)。新能源(yuan)大規(gui)模高(gao)比例接入,給電(dian)力系統的調度運行帶(dai)來較大挑戰,還(huan)需要電(dian)網輸配以及其(qi)他電(dian)源(yuan)、儲能的協同支撐、統籌推(tui)進(jin)。如何加(jia)快(kuai)規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)設新能源(yuan)供給消納體系,實現高(gao)水(shui)平消納利用,保障電(dian)力可靠穩(wen)定(ding)供應,是實現新能源(yuan)高(gao)質量發(fa)展必須解決(jue)的問題。

       一(yi)方(fang)面(mian),保(bao)障新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)送得出。當前,以沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地(di)(di)(di)(di)區為(wei)重點的(de)風(feng)光大基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)建設(she)正(zheng)加(jia)(jia)快推進,這(zhe)有助于解決新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)能(neng)量密度較(jiao)低、占地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積大的(de)問(wen)題。但這(zhe)些風(feng)光大基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)多位于“三(san)北”地(di)(di)(di)(di)區,而用(yong)電(dian)負(fu)荷主要(yao)位于中東部和南(nan)方(fang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區。這(zhe)就需要(yao)加(jia)(jia)快建設(she)跨省跨區輸(shu)電(dian)通道,以靈活調節電(dian)源(yuan)為(wei)支撐(cheng),持續提高風(feng)光大基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)外(wai)送規模和新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)消納能(neng)力。

       另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian),保(bao)障新(xin)能(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)用得好。這(zhe)(zhe)有(you)賴于全面(mian)提升電(dian)(dian)力系統調節(jie)能(neng)力和靈(ling)活性(xing),加大煤電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組靈(ling)活性(xing)改造、抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)和新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)等建(jian)(jian)設的力度。目前新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)和抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)的體(ti)量還(huan)比(bi)較小(xiao),與風電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的大規模快速發(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)相適應,形成有(you)效(xiao)支撐能(neng)力還(huan)需時間積累。發(fa)展(zhan)過程中,要進(jin)一步完善調峰調頻電(dian)(dian)源補償機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)、儲能(neng)成本回收機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)等市(shi)場機(ji)(ji)制(zhi),這(zhe)(zhe)有(you)助于激勵各類經營主體(ti)自發(fa)配置儲能(neng)資源,引(yin)導(dao)社會資本積極參(can)與新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)建(jian)(jian)設。

       新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源大(da)規模高比例發(fa)展(zhan)的綜(zong)合效(xiao)(xiao)益巨大(da)。“十四五”期間,我國風(feng)電(dian)和太陽能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)將實現(xian)翻倍(bei)。加大(da)力(li)度(du)規劃建(jian)設以大(da)型風(feng)光電(dian)基地(di)為(wei)基礎、以其周邊清(qing)潔高效(xiao)(xiao)先進(jin)節能(neng)的煤(mei)電(dian)為(wei)支撐、以穩定安全(quan)可靠(kao)的特高壓輸變電(dian)線路(lu)為(wei)載體的新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源供給消納體系,從政策(ce)、技術、機(ji)制等環節全(quan)方位推進(jin)體系建(jian)設,我們一(yi)定能(neng)為(wei)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源又好又快發(fa)展(zhan)提供有力(li)支持,在保障能(neng)源安全(quan)供應的同(tong)時(shi),推動能(neng)源綠色低碳轉(zhuan)型不斷取得(de)新(xin)(xin)成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)。

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