“堅持和(he)完善公(gong)(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)為主體、多種所有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟共同發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)基本(ben)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),必(bi)須(xu)(xu)毫不(bu)動搖地(di)(di)鞏固和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)公(gong)(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟,必(bi)須(xu)(xu)毫不(bu)動搖地(di)(di)鼓勵、支(zhi)持和(he)引導非公(gong)(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。”黨的(de)十(shi)六大作出(chu)的(de)這一重大決(jue)策,是基于(yu)對歷(li)史經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)驗教(jiao)訓的(de)深刻(ke)總(zong)結(jie)。鞏固和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)公(gong)(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟,對于(yu)發(fa)(fa)揮社(she)會(hui)(hui)主義(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)優(you)越性,增(zeng)強我國(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟實(shi)力(li)、國(guo)防實(shi)力(li)和(he)民族凝聚力(li),防止兩極分化,維護社(she)會(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)平正義(yi),逐步實(shi)現共同富裕,為社(she)會(hui)(hui)主義(yi)國(guo)家政權的(de)鞏固提供強大物質基礎(chu),促進(jin)社(she)會(hui)(hui)和(he)諧,具有(you)十(shi)分重要的(de)意(yi)義(yi)。
有(you)(you)(you)人認為,公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)制經濟與非公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)制經濟是(shi)彼(bi)此對立的(de),國有(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)不退出(chu),民(min)營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)就(jiu)發展不了。這種觀點是(shi)錯誤的(de)。事實上,當前(qian)國有(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)特(te)別是(shi)中央企(qi)業(ye)(ye),大多處于(yu)行業(ye)(ye)的(de)龍頭地位,競(jing)爭(zheng)對手主要是(shi)跨國公(gong)司;民(min)營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)以(yi)中小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)為主,與國有(you)(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)形成產業(ye)(ye)配套和(he)優勢(shi)互補的(de)格局,絕(jue)不是(shi)什么(me)“你退我進”的(de)關系。
也有(you)(you)(you)人過(guo)于夸大(da)國有(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的所謂(wei)“壟(long)斷”問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。且(qie)不說絕大(da)多數(shu)國企(qi)(qi)并(bing)不存(cun)在(zai)壟(long)斷問(wen)(wen)題(ti),對(dui)于少數(shu)國企(qi)(qi)存(cun)在(zai)的行業(ye)支配(pei)地位,我們毋庸諱言。但我們應認識到,行業(ye)支配(pei)甚至形成一(yi)定程度的壟(long)斷是(shi)一(yi)種市(shi)場現(xian)象,與企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的所有(you)(you)(you)制形式沒有(you)(you)(you)必然的聯系。西方發達國家的市(shi)場中,大(da)型企(qi)(qi)業(ye)和(he)跨(kua)國公(gong)司同樣會形成壟(long)斷。這需要通過(guo)市(shi)場機(ji)制的完善加以解決,也正是(shi)我們要在(zai)改革(ge)中逐步解決的問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。
考察一個國(guo)(guo)家所有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)結構是(shi)(shi)否優越,關鍵要(yao)看是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)符合(he)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)社會(hui)(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)要(yao)求,是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)能(neng)夠(gou)解放和(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)社會(hui)(hui)生產(chan)力。改革(ge)開(kai)放以來的(de)(de)(de)實踐證(zheng)明,毫不(bu)(bu)動搖地鞏(gong)固(gu)和(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)公(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),毫不(bu)(bu)動搖地鼓勵、支持和(he)(he)引(yin)導非公(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan),極大地煥發(fa)了我國(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)活力。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)至2011年(nian)(nian)(nian),我國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)生產(chan)總值由(you)3645億(yi)元(yuan)增(zeng)長到(dao)471564億(yi)元(yuan),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均增(zeng)速不(bu)(bu)僅明顯(xian)高(gao)于1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)至1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)6.1%,而(er)且高(gao)于日本、韓(han)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)起飛階段。實踐證(zheng)明,公(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與非公(gong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)完(wan)全能(neng)夠(gou)做(zuo)到(dao)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同發(fa)展(zhan)、協調(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)。30多年(nian)(nian)(nian)前,我國(guo)(guo)基(ji)本上是(shi)(shi)單一的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)生產(chan)總值中公(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)所占比重(zhong)約為(wei)99%。如今,在(zai)公(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主體地位進一步鞏(gong)固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)同時,非公(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也已成為(wei)社會(hui)(hui)主義現代(dai)化建設的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)推(tui)動力量。公(gong)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與非公(gong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)目標一致,各具優勢,兼具競爭,他(ta)們(men)完(wan)全能(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)相輔相成中實現共(gong)(gong)(gong)生共(gong)(gong)(gong)榮。不(bu)(bu)管國(guo)(guo)企(qi)還是(shi)(shi)民企(qi),都是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye),他(ta)們(men)做(zuo)強(qiang)做(zuo)優,都是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)驕傲。
改革開放以來的(de)(de)實踐證明,國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)壯大,顯著增強(qiang)了我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟實力和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際競爭力,其(qi)主導作用和(he)影響力充分顯現(xian)。在戰(zhan)(zhan)勝重大自(zi)然災害(hai)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),在戰(zhan)(zhan)勝各(ge)種困難過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)(guo)企(qi)都起到(dao)(dao)(dao)了中(zhong)(zhong)流砥(di)柱的(de)(de)重要作用。國(guo)(guo)(guo)際金融危機(ji)爆發(fa)后(hou),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之所以能(neng)夠從容應對,并率先實現(xian)經(jing)濟回升(sheng)向好(hao),受到(dao)(dao)(dao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際社(she)會廣泛(fan)稱贊,一個(ge)重要原因就是擁有(you)強(qiang)大的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)經(jing)濟,使政府宏觀調控得(de)以更好(hao)地(di)(di)掌握全局(ju)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)社(she)會科學(xue)院(yuan)去年(nian)(nian)發(fa)布的(de)(de)《企(qi)業(ye)(ye)社(she)會責(ze)(ze)任(ren)藍皮書》指出,2011年(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)社(she)會責(ze)(ze)任(ren)指數領先于其(qi)他類型企(qi)業(ye)(ye),且央企(qi)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)指數年(nian)(nian)度增幅(fu)最大。這樣的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)企(qi)不僅不該(gai)(gai)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)指責(ze)(ze),而且應該(gai)(gai)得(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)堅定支持;公有(you)制經(jing)濟不僅不該(gai)(gai)削弱,而且應該(gai)(gai)毫不動搖地(di)(di)鞏固和(he)發(fa)展。只有(you)這樣,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特色社(she)會主義事業(ye)(ye)才能(neng)擁有(you)光輝燦爛的(de)(de)未來。
（本(ben)文章摘自2012年(nian)4月(yue)18日《光明日報》 作者：光明日報評論員）
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