新型電力系統：清潔高效又智能
來源：哈(ha)爾濱電(dian)氣集團(tuan)有限公司
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發(fa)布時間：2024-09-20
電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)作為現代(dai)社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎設施(shi)，是(shi)人類歷史上最復(fu)雜、最龐大的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程系統(tong)(tong)之一(yi)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)存在和(he)運行(xing)對于(yu)我們的(de)(de)(de)日常(chang)生活(huo)至(zhi)關(guan)重要，從(cong)照明、家庭電(dian)器到工(gong)業(ye)生產、信息通信，無一(yi)不依賴于(yu)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)供應。新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)清潔高效(xiao)、靈活(huo)智能(neng)(neng)，可(ke)在保(bao)障電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)安全的(de)(de)(de)前提下，滿足(zu)經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)發展的(de)(de)(de)需求。我國具有豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)能(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)等新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan)和(he)容量充裕的(de)(de)(de)輸配電(dian)網絡(luo)。新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)開發與(yu)利(li)用正(zheng)在加速能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)綠色低碳(tan)轉(zhuan)型升級，保(bao)證電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)高效(xiao)穩定(ding)供應。
電力系(xi)(xi)統是最(zui)復雜的人造系(xi)(xi)統之一
電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)早期發展(zhan)可以(yi)追溯到19世(shi)紀末(mo)，?直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)被(bei)廣(guang)泛使用。隨著技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進步，?交流(liu)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)逐漸(jian)取代直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，?成(cheng)(cheng)為電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要形式。20世(shi)紀初，電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)開(kai)始(shi)迅速擴展(zhan)，電(dian)網(wang)互聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念逐漸(jian)形成(cheng)(cheng)。二戰后，各國(guo)加快(kuai)了電(dian)力(li)基礎設施建設，形成(cheng)(cheng)了大(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)網(wang)。進入21世(shi)紀，?全球氣候變化和能源轉型的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求給傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)帶來新的(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰和機(ji)遇，高新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用為電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現代化和智能化提(ti)供技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)支持，電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)迎來新的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)浪(lang)潮。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)包括發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)環節，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)生產(chan)與消費(fei)的(de)完整鏈條。發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)起點，將各種一次(ci)能(neng)(neng)源（如煤炭(tan)、天然(ran)氣、核能(neng)(neng)、風能(neng)(neng)、太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)等(deng)）轉(zhuan)化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)；輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)負(fu)(fu)責將發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)通過高壓(ya)線路遠(yuan)距離(li)傳輸到變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站或負(fu)(fu)荷中(zhong)心(xin)，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)高效(xiao)傳輸的(de)動脈；變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)將高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)通過變(bian)壓(ya)器降低到適合(he)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級；配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)從變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站通過配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路輸送到終端用戶，并進行最后的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調(diao)整；用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環節涉及工業、商業、居(ju)民(min)等(deng)終端用戶的(de)實際用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程，以及設備運行、耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量管理及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)計算等(deng)。
應對氣候變化 電力系統邁向綠色低碳(tan)
隨著溫(wen)(wen)室氣體排放的(de)增加，全球氣溫(wen)(wen)不斷上(shang)升，極端天氣頻發(fa)。為應對這一趨勢，我(wo)國宣布(bu)力爭于2030年(nian)前達(da)到(dao)二氧(yang)化(hua)碳排放峰值(zhi)，并于2060年(nian)前實現碳中和目標。近(jin)年(nian)來，我(wo)國加速推(tui)動(dong)能源結構轉型，大力發(fa)展可再(zai)生能源，制定碳達(da)峰行動(dong)方(fang)案(an)，力求在(zai)全球應對氣候變化(hua)的(de)行動(dong)中發(fa)揮關鍵作(zuo)用。
面對氣候變化，逐步建設(she)新型電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)，推動(dong)能源(yuan)結構轉型，減少(shao)溫室氣體排放，是能源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行業的(de)(de)重要議題。傳統(tong)的(de)(de)以(yi)火力(li)(li)為(wei)主的(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)形式受(shou)限于化石燃料資源(yuan)存量和(he)溫室氣體排放，難以(yi)獨立和(he)全面支撐可持(chi)續發(fa)展的(de)(de)需(xu)求。在此背景下，以(yi)風力(li)(li)、光伏為(wei)代表的(de)(de)新能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)因其清潔(jie)、對環(huan)境(jing)影響小的(de)(de)優(you)勢，受(shou)到各國的(de)(de)重視。
自2010年以來，我(wo)國(guo)在新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)領(ling)域取得了(le)顯著(zhu)進(jin)展(zhan)。2010年，全國(guo)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)和(he)光伏裝機(ji)(ji)容量(liang)僅為數千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦，處于起步階段。隨(sui)著(zhu)政策支(zhi)持的加(jia)強(qiang)，特(te)別(bie)是《可再生(sheng)能(neng)源法》和(he)全額(e)保障性收購制度的出臺(tai)，風(feng)光發(fa)電(dian)(dian)迅(xun)速增長。隨(sui)著(zhu)技術進(jin)步和(he)成本下降(jiang)，風(feng)光產(chan)業逐(zhu)漸規模化(hua)。至2024年6月底，全國(guo)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)(ji)達(da)30.7億千(qian)瓦，其中新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源裝機(ji)(ji)16.53億千(qian)瓦，占比(bi)53.8%，首次超過煤電(dian)(dian)。這一進(jin)展(zhan)為全球(qiu)能(neng)源轉型提供了(le)重要經驗(yan)，助(zhu)力我(wo)國(guo)實現“碳達(da)峰(feng)、碳中和(he)”目標，邁向綠色(se)低碳未來。
新能源(yuan)電力(li)接入(ru)電網 新型電力(li)系(xi)統更(geng)靈活智能
隨(sui)著大規(gui)模新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)接入電(dian)(dian)網，電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)需要在隨(sui)機波(bo)動的負荷需求(qiu)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)之間實(shi)現能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量的供需平衡(heng)，其(qi)結構(gou)形態、運(yun)行控制方式以(yi)及規(gui)劃建設與(yu)管理發生根本性(xing)變革，形成了(le)以(yi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)生產、傳(chuan)輸、消(xiao)費為主體的新(xin)一代電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)，即新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)。圍繞能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型和“雙(shuang)碳”目標的國(guo)家需求(qiu)，中國(guo)工(gong)程(cheng)院(yuan)院(yuan)士劉吉臻依托新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)全國(guo)重點(dian)實(shi)驗(yan)室提出了(le)以(yi)“多源(yuan)互補(bu)、源(yuan)網協同、供需互動、靈(ling)活智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”四(si)個(ge)技術創(chuang)新(xin)為引領的新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)發展新(xin)形態。
多源(yuan)互(hu)補是新型電力系(xi)統(tong)的(de)關鍵特征。傳(chuan)統(tong)電網主要依賴(lai)單一能源(yuan)發(fa)電，受到(dao)資源(yuan)和效率的(de)限制，隨(sui)著風(feng)能、太陽能等新能源(yuan)的(de)引入，電力系(xi)統(tong)的(de)能源(yuan)來源(yuan)變得(de)更加(jia)多樣(yang)化。通過(guo)優化不同(tong)能源(yuan)的(de)組合(he)，能夠充分發(fa)揮各類資源(yuan)的(de)優勢，降低對單一能源(yuan)的(de)依賴(lai)，從而提升(sheng)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩定性和可靠性。
源網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)協(xie)(xie)同是新型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統優化運行的(de)核心。傳統電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)將(jiang)發(fa)電(dian)和輸電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統視為(wei)獨立運作的(de)部分(fen)，缺(que)乏系(xi)(xi)統級的(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)。面對分(fen)布式發(fa)電(dian)與新能源的(de)廣泛接入，發(fa)電(dian)與電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)間的(de)互(hu)動日益錯綜復雜。構建(jian)源網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)協(xie)(xie)同控制體系(xi)(xi)，可實現(xian)發(fa)電(dian)側(ce)與電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)的(de)深度協(xie)(xie)調(diao)與優化調(diao)度，顯(xian)著增強電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)適應力(li)與響應速度，支撐更高比(bi)例新能源的(de)接入和利用。
供需互(hu)動(dong)(dong)是(shi)新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統高(gao)效(xiao)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。傳統電(dian)(dian)網具(ju)有穩定的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)和用電(dian)(dian)平衡(heng)特征，而隨(sui)著新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)比例的(de)(de)(de)增加，其隨(sui)機性和波動(dong)(dong)性對電(dian)(dian)力(li)供需平衡(heng)提出(chu)了新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)挑戰。通(tong)過引入需求(qiu)側(ce)資(zi)源(yuan)，可以釋放調節潛力(li)，有效(xiao)平衡(heng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)供需，確保電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)穩定運(yun)行(xing)。同(tong)時，分布式智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)網和需求(qiu)側(ce)管理技術使(shi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)需求(qiu)響應更(geng)加靈(ling)活(huo)精準，提高(gao)供需匹配(pei)效(xiao)率。
靈(ling)活智能(neng)(neng)是(shi)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)特點。傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)依賴大規(gui)模集中式電(dian)(dian)站供電(dian)(dian)，而新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)支(zhi)持分布式電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)發展，實現了多樣(yang)化的(de)電(dian)(dian)力供應模式。通過大數據和人工智能(neng)(neng)等技術手段，智能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)可以(yi)實現對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)智能(neng)(neng)監測(ce)和優化控(kong)制，提升系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運行的(de)效率(lv)和穩定性。
新型電(dian)力系統發展面臨技(ji)術挑戰(zhan)
盡管新型電力系統的前景令人(ren)期待，但(dan)其發展過程仍面(mian)臨諸多技術挑(tiao)戰，這些(xie)挑(tiao)戰主要體(ti)現在(zai)充裕性、安全性、經濟(ji)性三個維度。
充(chong)裕(yu)(yu)性(xing)挑戰 新(xin)型(xing)電力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)發(fa)展的(de)(de)挑戰之一(yi)，來(lai)自風(feng)光(guang)發(fa)電相對于系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)負(fu)荷(he)的(de)(de)充(chong)裕(yu)(yu)性(xing)，即如何在(zai)不(bu)同時(shi)空預(yu)(yu)留(liu)(liu)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)靈活性(xing)資源(yuan)來(lai)保障源(yuan)荷(he)雙側(ce)的(de)(de)電力(li)(li)電量(liang)平(ping)衡。在(zai)一(yi)般氣象條件下，光(guang)伏和風(feng)力(li)(li)發(fa)電能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)取決于光(guang)照輻射、風(feng)速、溫度等(deng)參數，由于現有預(yu)(yu)測水(shui)(shui)平(ping)難以消(xiao)除氣象預(yu)(yu)測偏差，仍需(xu)提前預(yu)(yu)留(liu)(liu)火電、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)靈活調節資源(yuan)作為發(fa)電備用。當電力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)遭遇(yu)極(ji)端(duan)天氣等(deng)迅速且劇(ju)烈的(de)(de)氣象變化(hua)時(shi)，常常伴隨著風(feng)光(guang)機(ji)組低溫切出、溫控型(xing)負(fu)荷(he)激增、輸變電設(she)備故障等(deng)突(tu)發(fa)情況(kuang)(kuang)，亟須火電、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)快速響應(ying)資源(yuan)提供電力(li)(li)充(chong)裕(yu)(yu)性(xing)來(lai)彌補瞬時(shi)功率(lv)缺額。而當系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)遭遇(yu)長時(shi)間電煤(mei)供應(ying)短缺、極(ji)熱(re)無(wu)(wu)風(feng)、極(ji)寒無(wu)(wu)光(guang)等(deng)情況(kuang)(kuang)時(shi)，則(ze)又需(xu)要氣電、水(shui)(shui)電等(deng)異質(zhi)資源(yuan)提供電量(liang)充(chong)裕(yu)(yu)性(xing)來(lai)彌補長周期的(de)(de)供需(xu)缺口。凡此種(zhong)種(zhong)，在(zai)大力(li)(li)發(fa)展新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)同時(shi)，新(xin)型(xing)電力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)必須權衡其對電力(li)(li)電量(liang)充(chong)裕(yu)(yu)性(xing)的(de)(de)挑戰。
安(an)(an)全性(xing)(xing)挑戰(zhan)(zhan) 新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)挑戰(zhan)(zhan)之二，來(lai)自高比例新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)和(he)高比例電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子器件的(de)(de)(de)“雙高”特性(xing)(xing)，及(ji)其所誘導的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全性(xing)(xing)挑戰(zhan)(zhan)。一(yi)是(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)固有隨機性(xing)(xing)導致(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統功(gong)率分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)確定性(xing)(xing)高，常(chang)態化靜(jing)態安(an)(an)全分(fen)析需要適應(ying)(ying)從(cong)確定性(xing)(xing)向不(bu)確定性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)渡(du)；二是(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)“集群化”和(he)“分(fen)布(bu)式”的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展趨勢：前(qian)者以(yi)“沙戈荒”大(da)(da)型風光基(ji)地為(wei)(wei)(wei)代表(biao)，設備(bei)(bei)—場(chang)站—場(chang)群—網(wang)側(ce)(ce)換流(liu)站串聯，并最終依(yi)賴配套(tao)送出工程實現大(da)(da)范圍能(neng)量(liang)轉移(yi)。多環(huan)節嵌(qian)套(tao)導致(zhi)故障的(de)(de)(de)傳播流(liu)程復(fu)雜(za)，單(dan)一(yi)設備(bei)(bei)故障可能(neng)引發(fa)系(xi)(xi)統性(xing)(xing)功(gong)率缺失；后(hou)者則(ze)以(yi)微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)、零(ling)碳園區為(wei)(wei)(wei)代表(biao)，就地平衡消納為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。擾(rao)動(dong)(dong)距(ju)離用(yong)戶近(jin)、涉(she)及(ji)線路多、接入設備(bei)(bei)雜(za)，對(dui)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)和(he)精度(du)要求高。亟(ji)須(xu)(xu)系(xi)(xi)統性(xing)(xing)突(tu)破故障后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統保(bao)護(hu)(hu)及(ji)源(yuan)網(wang)協(xie)同控制技(ji)術；三是(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)側(ce)(ce)、電(dian)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)、負荷側(ce)(ce)大(da)(da)量(liang)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子換流(liu)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，使得電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)慣(guan)量(liang)下降，相對(dui)于傳統的(de)(de)(de)以(yi)同步電(dian)源(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)火電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統而言，對(dui)于大(da)(da)小擾(rao)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)抵(di)御性(xing)(xing)下降，亟(ji)須(xu)(xu)拓展不(bu)依(yi)賴于同步電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)新(xin)理論(lun)。
經濟(ji)性(xing)挑戰 新型電力(li)(li)系統(tong)發展的(de)(de)(de)挑戰之三，來自(zi)(zi)經濟(ji)性(xing)，也(ye)即電力(li)(li)市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)所決定的(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)優化(hua)(hua)配置效率。當(dang)前，面對高比例新能(neng)源(yuan)在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)范圍內轉移傳輸的(de)(de)(de)特征，傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)面向化(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)、以就近(jin)供需平(ping)衡為主的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，顯現出全(quan)局(ju)統(tong)籌能(neng)力(li)(li)不足的(de)(de)(de)局(ju)限；儲(chu)能(neng)、分布(bu)式發電等(deng)新技術提高了負(fu)(fu)荷側電力(li)(li)自(zi)(zi)發自(zi)(zi)用的(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)，富裕的(de)(de)(de)電力(li)(li)和負(fu)(fu)荷調節能(neng)力(li)(li)甚至(zhi)可(ke)以反向支撐(cheng)大電網(wang)。然(ran)而(er)，傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)荷調節主要依托(tuo)于行政手(shou)段，缺乏(fa)源(yuan)荷互(hu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)靈活性(xing)和激勵性(xing)。新形勢下亟須建設(she)全(quan)國(guo)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)電力(li)(li)市(shi)場，推動(dong)跨省跨區電力(li)(li)市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)交易和源(yuan)網(wang)荷儲(chu)深度(du)互(hu)動(dong)，完善電力(li)(li)中長期、現貨、輔助(zhu)服務(wu)交易有機(ji)(ji)銜接機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。
市場機制進一步(bu)引導了電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)的(de)形態演化(hua)。目前，綠電(dian)交易(yi)、碳市場、虛擬電(dian)廠等(deng)新(xin)需求新(xin)概(gai)念層出不(bu)窮(qiong)，它(ta)們本質上都是市場化(hua)的(de)工具。如何預測不(bu)同市場機制下新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)、火電(dian)、氫(qing)能(neng)、儲能(neng)協同發展與演進路徑，在多變的(de)環境中(zhong)運用上述政策工具實現對系(xi)統(tong)形態結構的(de)調整，形成面向長周期(qi)的(de)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)演化(hua)規劃的(de)理論和方法，仍(reng)有待研究(jiu)。
面對日益嚴(yan)峻(jun)的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)危機與能(neng)(neng)源安全(quan)挑戰，構(gou)建新型(xing)電力(li)(li)系統已成當務之急。在此過程中，一(yi)方面需大(da)力(li)(li)推動新能(neng)(neng)源的(de)開發與利用(yong)，另一(yi)方面也要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)發揮(hui)傳統能(neng)(neng)源作(zuo)為(wei)“壓艙石”的(de)重要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)，穩步推進新型(xing)電力(li)(li)系統建設(she)，為(wei)“雙碳”目(mu)標的(de)實現提(ti)供重要(yao)支撐！